04-+Clases

**Language, culture and life**
- Comunication and representation;- Observe the world and life : explain it with words;- Respond (awnser – verbal response; respond – can be only with one gesture);- Think, negociate and share;- Act and value, asume new challenges.

**Language functions:**

 * 1) Representative/Simbolic – Language helps building images/simbols of the world experience in our mind.
 * 2) Informative – language helps us to share information.
 * 3) Regulatory – language regulates behavior, rules, self-control, ethic, etc.
 * 4) Comunicative – language helps us to participate in a common task.

**Skill competence and capacities:**

 * 1) Listening and understanding;
 * 2) Responding and speaking;
 * 3) Oral interaction;
 * 4) Reading and understanding/Reading interaction;
 * 5) Writing and written interaction.

**What kind of intelligence is being used at all times?**

 * Sciences:**
 * 1) Kinetics.
 * 2) Proxemics.
 * 3) Simbiotic.

Proxemics
Study the way people construct and manage “microspace” the distance between themselves and others in ordinary daily life. We get closed to people or get away from them. It gives us the clues to interpret our feeling towards the others.

Through proxemics we know the existence of the confort zone:
 * Intimate
 * Good friends
 * Acquaintances
 * General public

Kinetics
Study the nonverbal code systems of body activity as related to human communication.

Semiotics
It’s the science that seeks to understand how Natural or constructed signs and symbols function as a communication mediumThrough semiotics we could differentiate signs:
 * Units of nonverbal communication
 * Gestures
 * Movemets
 * Face expression
 * Any movement that convey information

**CUE/s**

 * Nonverbal signs used to prompt an event, behaviour or experience.

**Signal**
 * Used to inform as to what will happen, a hint or warning.


 * Signs -> All
 * Cues -> To cause something
 * Signals -> *inform;
 * 1) culture is busy;
 * 2) Possible;
 * 3) It have signals

**Nonverbal language**
Nonverbal communication is normally executed by visual messages, like gestures, body language or posture, facial expressions, eye contact, etc.Nonverbal signs sometimes are even more important than any word that we can say. The most common nonverbal signs are: Our speech contains nonverbal elements know as paralanguage, such as voice quality, pitch, volume, etc. The most common are:
 * Emblem – Gesticulations with meaning know by culture; objects that represent a professional culture. Example: smock
 * Illustrator – Gesticulations that enhance verbal messages, its redundant, reinforce the idea. Example: “Once upon a time, there was DADDY BEAR, Mommy Bear and baby bear. “
 * Adaptors - help a person release tension, to have self-confidence. In the most of times we use hands to release tension, like touch, scratch, etc.
 * Regulators – Used to control (regulate), break or change the conversation, the subject of the conversation.
 * Affect displayers - Facial expressions with a social meaning (disapproval, etc.)
 * Qualifiers – Volume, pitch, tone,…
 * Characterizers – whines, yawning, crying, laughing,…
 * Segregates – Fillers in the speech, pauses, silences or sounds (uh! Oh! Ah-ah!). They are also regulators of the conversation.

__Language Acquisition Theories. Cognitive theories__
The acquisition of the language is a difficult process where they control internal and external factors, to speak not only is to assimilate.

The language is determined by the development of the intelligence. The intelligence begins from the birth, before the child speaks, so the thought, the language makes possible. **__Piaget__** In order that the child reaches his intellectual development, it is necessary that it crosses different stage. [|Assimilation and accommodation]//.// Assimilation describes how humans perceive and adapt to new information. Accommodation, unlike assimilation, is the process of taking one's environment and new information. Be careful with the reference, wikipedia is not always a good reference!! [|Sensorimotor stage] Is the first of the four stages in cognitive development which"extends from birth to the acquisition of language". In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating experiences with physical, motoric actions. Infants gain knowledge of the world from the physical actions they perform on it. [|Preoperational stage] By observing sequences of play, Piaget was able to demonstrate that towards the end of the second year, a qualitatively new kind of psychological functioning occurs. [|Concrete operational stage] Is characterized by the appropriate use of logic. Important processes during this stage are:
 * Seriation.
 * Transitivity.
 * Classification.
 * Decentering.
 * Reversibility.
 * [|Conservation].
 * Elimination of Egocentrism.

[|//Formal operational stage//]. Children begin to consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions.

**__Vygotsky__** Vygotsky's theory was an attempt to explain consciousness as the end product of socialization.Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals.A second aspect of Vygotsky's theory is the idea that the potential for cognitive development depends upon the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD): a level of development attained when children engage in social behavior. **__Chomsky__** The language is an innate capacity. The acquisition of a structure of the language, it depends on a Universal Grammar that the persons already know about an innate form without previous learning.The universal innate grammar uses as mold in order that any person could develop any natural language. The man since it is born has a certain skill or linguistic competition; only it must update it.He sees the child as essentially autonomous in the creation of language. It is programmed to learn, and will learn so long as minimal social and economic conditions are realized.

**Basic Competences**
Basic competences are the capacity from children to put in practice, in contexts and different situations of theory knowledge or skills. Are the capacity to complete successfully different tasks that are proposed by the educator. It requires practical skills, some knowledge, motivations, and some other social components that worked together provide the success in the tasks. There are eight basic competences:
 * Autonomy and personal initiative ;
 * Competence in linguistic communication;
 * Competence in mathematics;
 * Social competence;
 * Competence in knowledge and in interaction with the world;
 * Digital competence;
 * Competence to learning;
 * Cultural and artistic competence.

**Routines**
The most important routines seen in class are related with trhese basic competences: And every routine has a song:
 * Autonomy.
 * Learn to learn.
 * Social competence.
 * 1) Walking walking
 * 2) To get into line.
 * 3) To make a circle.
 * 4) To clean up the material.
 * 5) To put on and to take off he clothes.
 * 6) To stick the stikers of the unit.
 * 7) To said Hello and Goodbye